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Agripreneurship: Managing Agricultural Innovation and Enterprise Development
Lecture notes from August 2009, NAARM, Hyderabad, India
Principles of Technology Ownership
- Ownership: the bundle of rights (property)
- exclusive possession
- Use (not patents)
- sell, transfer, bequeath destroy...
- financial returns
- Rights are separable
- Technology property: intangible, intellectual property (IP) (e.g. patents, copyrights), tangible (personal property) (e.g. biological material)
Intellectual Property
- Patents
- Right to exclude others from using inventions
- Copyrights
- protects the medium of the idea
- Know how & trade secrets
- Trademarks
Biological Property
- Possessor’s rights of ownership
- Bailments
Mixtures of property-type in technology ownership.
The Importance of Technology Ownership to Public Sector Research Institutions
- Control is power
- Power to affect: transfers, rules of use, the quid pro quo
- Allows institutional goals to influence in rules of use: Dissemination, Fair & legal use
- Critical for managing conflicts of interest (ethics): tools to regulate relation of researcher (employee) to institution, regulation of relation of institution to market participant
- Allows institution to maintain ongoing, basic level of control over commercialization, stewardship!
- Enables fair return to technology creator
- Provides structure for otherwise chaotic relationship of multiple partners
- Critical for an effective, sustainable technology transfer program
- Absolute ownership of institutional technologies: Policy for employees, student, staff, Visiting researchers
- Collaborations: What I create is mine (sole), What you create is yours (sole), What we create is yours (joint), Sovereign control over sole
- Respect other’s rights
- Joint
- The beacons: Institutional integrity, Protect rights of others, Technology advancement, Long term view, Money
Technology Ownership to Public Sector Research Institutions Related Issues
- Funding Source: government, company
- non-profit foundation
- Consulting arrangements
- Inventorship
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